Grammar focuc extreme culinary "bothok tawon"

                                            GRAMMAR FOCUS 

      Present Progressive Tense

         I.     Understanding Present Progressive Tense

Present Progressive Tense is a tense that explains that is happening right now. It is said to be Present as it is happening now and continues progressively as work is being done (Progress).

         II.          Present Progressive Tense Formula

This tenses has the characteristics of using the verb -ing. Before the verb there must be "be" (is, am, are).

Form

Formula

Example of sentences :

Form	Formula		example of sentences
+	Verbal	S + is/am/are + Verb-ing	I am working bathok tawon He is working bathok tawon You are working bathok tawon
	Nominal	S + is/am/are  + nominal	He is busy right now
-	Verbal	S + is/am/are + not + Verb-ing	I am not working bathok tawon He is not working bathok tawon You are not working bathok tawon
	Nominal	S + is/am/are + not + nominal	He isn’t busy right now
?	Verbal	Is/am/are + S + Verb-ing	Am I working batok tawon ? Is he working bathok tawon ? Are you working bathok tawon ?
	Nominal	Is/am/are + S + nominal	Is he busy right now?

        III.   Simple Progressive Tense Function

      1. To indicate the activity being performed.

      2. To realize the work to be done in the near future (plan).

        IV.  Description

       These tenses can only be used for ways with "medium" (dynamic verbs).   

       While that can not be done progressively / moderately (stative verbs) it 

       shoul be used in the Simple Present Tense. Description of time that can be

       used

       for this: Now. Now, Still, etc.

      Stative vs Dynamic verb 

ü  Stative verb 

Stative have undefined duration. they denote states rather than actions.

Examples of statives are:

      want, know, have (when it means possession), think (when it means opinion), 

like, love, hate, need, prefer, agree, sound, hear disagree, wish, look (when it mean

 seem), smell, seem, include...

You cannot say	But you must say
I am liking bathok tawon	I like bathok tawon
I am knowing the truth	I know the truth

ü  Dynamic verb

As opposed to a stative verb, a dynamic (or action) verb shows continued or progressive action on the part of the subject.

Examples of dynamic verbs (dynamic verbs) are:

act, build, complete, design, develop, draw, fix, gather, handle, head, help, improve, interview, introduce, justify, listen, lead, measure, narrate, negotiate, orchestrate, originate, outline, perform, persuade, predict, regulate, record, save, show, study, target, transform, travel, treat, uncover, unveil, use, validate, value, visualize, widen, write, zap, zoom.

Dynamic and stative

Some verbs can be both action verbs and dynamic verbs depending on their meaning

1. Be

be = it is usually used as a stative verb - stative

He's a great cook

be = when it means behave or act, it can be used as a an action verb in the continuous form. - dynamic

he is cooking a great

2. Think

think = to express an opinion, to believe - stative

I think this food is delicious

think = consider, to reason about or reflect on, ponder, to have or formulate in the mind - dynamic

I am thinking about bathok tawon

3. Have

have = to possess, to own - stative

it has a tasty bathok tawon

have = when it doesn't mean own or possess - dynamic

He's having lunch bathok tawon

4. See

see = to perceive with the eye, to understand - stative

I see what you mean.

see = to meet, to be in the company of, to escort, to attend - dynamic

He's been seeing the same food for yesterday

      Present Progressive Verb For Future meaning

I read that some times we can use present progressive for future meaning

to say what we have already arranged to do.

ex:

i'm going to the eating bathok tawon

what time we are eating bathok tawon?

And we alse use future progressive for future.

ex:

what time we will be eating bathok tawon?

Another example

he will be attending a trade show next week

can we say ... he is attending a trade show next week ??? or each one has different meaning?

      Nominal future tense (will vs going to)

The nominal formula only adds "be" either behind "will / shall" or "going to", and is followed by a noun / adj. Or preposition phrase (adverb).

1. With will / shall:

Positive: S + will / will + to + Noun / Adj / Adv

Negative: S + will / will + no + to + Noun / Adj / Adv

Interrogative-Positive: Will / will + S + becomes + Noun / Adj / Adv

2. By going to:

Positive: S + to + going + to + Noun / Adj / Adv

Negative: S + to + not + going + to + Noun / Adj / Adv

Interrogative-Positive: Be + S + go to + to + Noun / Adj / Adv

Interrogative-Negative: Be + not + S + going + to + Noun / Adj / Adv

o   Answer: nominal future tense (will)

(+) we will be strong stamina

(-) we won’t be storng stamina

(?) will we be strong stamina ?

   Won’t we be strong stamina  

o   Anwer nominal future tense (going to)

(+) we are going to be strong stamina

(-) we aren’t going to be strong stamina

(?) are we going to be strong stamina ?

   Aren’t we going to be strong stamina.

      Verbal future tense (will vs going to)

1. With will / shall:

Positive: S + will / shall + verb 1 (bare infinitive) + O / Adv

Negative: S + will / shall + not + verb 1+ O / Adv

Interrogative-Positive: Will / shall + S + verb 1+ O / Adv

Interrogative-Negative: Will / shall + not + S + verb 1+ O / Adv

Notes:

 shall only for subject I, you, we and they, not for 3rd singular person (she, he, it, nana, budi, etc). Subjects who may use shall also use will tp 3rd singular person may not use shall. Will does not undergo form changes as in the simple present tense, eg being "wills" or "will goes" but still intact "will" or "will go" even though the subject is a 3rd singular person (she, he, it, Nana, Budi, etc ).Will not be shortened will not not willn't. Shall not shortened shall not instead shalln't.

2. By be going to:

Positive: S + be + going to + verb 1 (bare infinitive) + O / Adv

Negative: S + be + not + going to + verb 1+ O / Adv

Interrogative-Positive: Be + S + going to + verb 1+ O / Adv

Interrogative-Negative: Be + not + S + going to + verb 1+ O / Adv

Notes:

Be including am, is and are. Am for subject I, is for 3rd singular person (she, he, it, etc) and are for plural subjects (we, they, you, people, etc).

o   Answer verbal future tense (will)

(+) he will invite us to eat bothok tawon

(-) he won’t invite us to eat bothok tawon

(?) will he invite us to eat bothok tawon ?

   Won’t he invite us to eat bothok tawon.

o   Answer verbal future tense (going to)

(+) he is going to eat bothok tawon

(-) he isn’t going to eat bothok tawon

(?) is he going to eat bothok tawon ?

  Isn’t he going to eat bothok tawon